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- ANOTHER PLANET FOUND AROUND DISTANT STAR 11/02/96
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- Source: San Jose Mercury News
-
- American astronomer Geoffrey Marcy, who last month discovered two planets,
- announced the discovery of yet another -- this one nine times the mass of
- Jupiter -- that signals a new frontier of astronomy.
-
- To the cheers of a capacity 800-person crowd attending his lecture at Foothill
- College [near Palo Alto, California] on February 9, Marcy laid a transparency
- on an overhead projector showing data gathered from Lick Observatory's 120-inch
- telescope and analyzed earlier that day.
-
- "This is a new class of planets -- I even hate to use that term -- this may be
- a new beast... This is a new frontier," Marcy said.
-
- This planet marks the fourth discovered using a phenomenon known as the Doppler
- effect that measures a star's wobble caused by the gravity of a nearby object.
-
- The new planet, found orbiting a star in the Milky Way known as HD 114762, has
- an eccentric or egg-shaped orbit and takes 87 days to orbit its star.
-
- Marcy, who has become accustomed to rocking the astronomical world since his
- and colleague Paul Butler's discoveries last month of two new planets, said
- that he was especially excited by this discovery because it proves that a
- planet they discovered orbiting the star 70 Virginis late last year is not a
- freak.
-
- Like the one announced on Feb 9, that planet also has several strange
- characteristics, including a mass 6.5 times the size of Jupiter, and an
- eccentric 116-day orbit.
-
- "When you have two discoveries of similar-type planets, it proves 70 Vir is not
- a freak," Marcy said. "We're dealing with a new class of planets."
-
- Marcy explained later that he could not claim discovery of the latest planet
- because astronomer David Latham at Harvard University discovered that HD 114762
- wobbled back in the late 1980s. Latham, however, lacked instruments that could
- break up the light from the stars into colors and determine that a planet
- caused the wobble.
-
- "So the research languished until we could use higher-precision instruments to
- confirm that a planet did exist," Marcy said, noting that his student Eric
- Williams has been analyzing the data for his master's thesis.
-
- Marcy acknowledged that with current instruments, only planets the size of
- Jupiter and larger can be detected. But next year, advances in data collection
- and tools will allow astronomers to find planets the size of Saturn.
-
- He was less certain about the possibility of finding intelligent life on other
- planets.
-
- "I believe, based on my limited information, that all the stars you see at
- night have planets," he said. "Are there terrestrial planets to allow liquid
- water to puddle? Let others say whether life exists."
-
- Others are hard at work on that very question. Puzzling radio signals have been
- detected from Virginis 70, the very star around which Marcy found his first
- planet last year.
-
- The discovery has raised hopes that extraterrestrial civilizations may exist.
- However, those responsible for picking up the emissions have cautioned that
- there is only a slim chance that an alien broadcaster is behind them.
-
- Nevertheless, the scientists -- based at the University of California at
- Berkeley -- say they cannot explain the repetitive nature of some of the
- signals from Virginis 70, in the constellation Virgo.
-
- The discovery was made by scientists working on a project called Serendip 3,
- part of SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a privately funded
- program. On first learning that a planet had been found orbiting Virginis 70,
- the Serendip 3 team searched their records for data that the project might have
- received from space near the star. They found one "highly unusual" set of
- signals with a repetitive pattern. As a result, they have announced that they
- are going to begin a new search of space near the star later this year.
-
- Growing numbers of astronomers now believe that radio signals from alien
- civilisations will soon be detected.
-
- "I believe the odds on there being advanced civilisations in our Milky Way
- galaxy are a thousand to one on," said Prof. Paul Horowitz of Harvard
- University. His team operates an 84-foot radio telescope near Boston that
- continually searches the sky for artificial signals.
-
- So far, there have been many false alarms where likely signals have failed to
- repeat themselves.
-
- Another astronomer, Prof. Frank Drake, said: "The real signal, when it is
- found, will be unmistakable. I strongly believe that we shall find one before
- the year 2000."
-
- But other scientists warn that it could be dangerous to advertise our own
- presence on Earth by transmitting signals.
-
- Prof. Robert Rood of Harvard said: "The civilisation that blurts out its
- existence on interstellar beacons at the first opportunity may be like some
- early hominid descending from the trees and calling 'Here, kitty' to a
- sabre-toothed tiger."
-
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